Apprendi v. New Jersey requires a jury resolution of facts on which imposition of a criminal fine rests.
S. Breyer
Turner v. Rogers, No. 10–10, __ U.S. __ (June 20, 2011)
In civil contempt proceedings to enforce child support, “where . . . the custodial parent (entitled to receive the support) is unrepresented by counsel, the State need not provide counsel to the noncustodial parent (required to provide the support),” subject to the “caveat . . . that the State must nonetheless have in place alternative procedures that assure a fundamentally fair determination of the critical incarceration-related question, whether the supporting parent is able to comply with the support order.”
Florida v. Powell, No. 08–1175, __ U.S. __ (Feb. 23, 2010)
Advice that a suspect has “the right to talk to a lawyer before answering any of [the law enforcement officers’] questions,” and that he can invoke this right “at any time. . . during th[e] interview,” satisfies Miranda requirement of advice of suspect’s right to have a lawyer with him during interrogation.
Montejo v. Arizona, No. 07-1529, __ U.S. __ (May 26, 2009)
Overrules Michigan v. Jackson holding that once a suspect has claimed the Sixth Amendment right to a lawyer, any later waiver of that right during police questioning would be invalid, unless the suspect initiates communication with the officers.
Arizona v. Gant, No. 07-542, __ U.S. __ (April 21, 2009)
Police may search a vehicle incident to a recent occupant’s arrest only if the arrestee is within reaching distance of the passenger compartment at the time of the search or it is reasonable to believe the vehicle contains evidence of the offense of arrest.