Rucker, J.
Uninsured patients filed a putative class action complaint against a hospital alleging breach of contract and seeking a declaration that rates the hospital billed were unreasonable and unenforceable. The trial court granted the hospital’s motion to dismiss. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
….
Patients first assert the chargemaster rates imposed by Clarian are unreasonable and constitute a breach of contract. This breach of contract claim rests on a critical underlying premise, namely, that the contract lacks the material term of price, and because no price term is present a “reasonable price” is imputed to the contract. See App. at 13. Second, Patients seek a declaratory judgment that “the chargemaster rates billed by Clarian to its uninsured patients [are] unreasonable and unenforceable.” App. at 15. Because the viability of the breach of contract claim must necessarily be decided in Patients’ favor in order for the declaratory judgment claim to come before us, we address Patients’ breach of contract claim first.
….
A contract need not declare a specific a dollar amount for goods or services in order to be enforceable. See id. (finding contract was enforceable at price billed where buyer requested services, seller performed, and no specific price term was agreed upon); Restatement (Second) Contracts § 4, illus. 1 (“A telephones to his grocer, ‘Send me a ten-pound bag of flour.’ The grocer sends it. A has thereby promised to pay the grocer’s current price therefor.”). In the context of contracts providing for health care services precision concerning price is close to impossible. As the Third Circuit has recognized, omitting a specific dollar figure is “the only practical way in which the obligations of the patient to pay can be set forth, given the fact that nobody yet knows just what condition the patient has, and what treatments will be necessary to remedy what ails him or her.” DiCarlo v. St. Mary Hosp., 530 F.3d 255, 264 (3d Cir. 2008). And a leading scholarly article on the subject—while advocating for courts to “shelter” patients in the health care market—recognizes that “courts have generally tolerated low levels of specificity in medical contracts.” Mark A. Hall and Carl E. Schneider, Patients as Consumers: Courts, Contracts, and the New Medical Marketplace, 106 Mich. L. Rev. 643, 646, 674 (2008).
….
Patients contend their promise to pay “the account” for treatment is indefinite and therefore cannot constitute a price term for the hospital’s services. We disagree. Many courts have addressed contracts similar to those of Patients’ and most have held that price terms in these contracts, while imprecise, are not sufficiently indefinite to justify imposition of a “reasonable” price standard….
….
Conclusion
We affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Dickson, C.J, and David, Massa and Rush, JJ., concur.